Language Arts Action Research Essay Example for Free

Language Arts Action Research Essay Classroom Management Inquiry: An Applied Study of Language Arts Data Zoo Southern Illinois university Daredevils Brian Walker Johnson, Literacy Faculty Inquiry into Teaching and Learning Project CLC 445 Language Arts at Elementary and Middle Levels November 22, 2013 Classroom Management Inquiry: An Applied Study of Language Arts The main phenomenon I have concentrated on throughout my Inquiry into Teaching and Learning Project for my applied study of language arts Is the role that speaking, writing, viewing, visually representing, reading and listening play in the management of an elementary school classroom. I have come to understand that classroom management is one of the hardest duties off beginning teacher. Being respected by students and colleagues is what establishes a teacher as an authority, and effective classroom management is a start towards this goal. Managing my students has been the hardest part of my school experience thus far, and I hoped that allowing language arts to become an active part of my management processes would allow my students to think more critically about their actions. When I began his inquiry study, I believed that writing classroom rules together, reading classroom rules critically, speaking and listening to how rules are applied, and viewing and visually representing class rules in daily walk and conversation might give students a sense of ownership over their classroom and greater respect for teachers. I thought the benefit of using language arts for classroom management might be measured by closer examination of critical conversations students have when rules are broken. So I proposed the following action research question: How does student behavior hanged when students read, write, speak, listen, view, or visually represent apparent misbehaver? Waxier (2007) suggests that written action plans which give older elementary students responsibility for their actions changes misbehaver. Research by Smith (2009) demonstrates that the use of other language arts with preschoolers can have the same effect. Reading these studies motivated me to pursue classroom arts. Method Secondary Sources to Answer Research Question I began my research into how student behavior changes when language arts are integrated into classroom management practices by reviewing two secondary resources. My first source, Blending Effective Behavior Management and Literacy Strategies for Preschoolers Exhibiting Negative Behavior by Smith (2009), was published in a peer reviewed early childhood education Journal specializing in articles that summarize a number of experimental studies. Smiths (2009) summary of research gave the ideas in the article greater validity. Some of the findings Smith (2009) shared described classroom management techniques I have personally experienced as effective. Smiths (2009) findings are limited to studies done with reechoes students, but I believe the findings can be used with older students as well. Unlike Smith (2009), my second source, Waxier (2007), was not published in a peer reviewed Journal. Washers eBook, teach: A Teacher Resource for Learning the Strategies of Master Teachers, was self-published. However, the authors online biography points to decades spent as a professional teacher and consultant who has helped hundreds of elementary teachers improve their classroom management. Waxier, like Smith, also describes a number of management techniques that I have found to be helpful in the past. Primary Source Data to Answer Research Question I continued my research into how student behavior changes when language arts are integrated into classroom management practices by collecting primary sources of data from my third grade classroom. The third grade classroom where I student teach is located in Roseville, Illinois, near the Mississippi River Just north of SST. Louis, Missouri. The third grade at Roseville Elementary School consists of 25 Caucasian students, 13 boys and 12 girls. Well over 70% of these students are on free or reduced lunch programs, suggesting that their families are struggling with poverty. However, the academic achievement of these students is especially high in language arts, evidenced by the schools online report card. These students may represent an exception to the thought that poverty dictates low academic achievement. I began my research into how elementary student behavior changes when language arts are integrated into classroom management practices by conducting classroom observations and collecting artifacts. My classroom observations were done by filling out five observations forms over 1 5 minute intervals over a period of six weeks. I simply observed moments in the life of my student teaching classroom where misbehaver was occurring. Then, using the left hand column of my observation form, I wrote what I saw my teacher and student informants doing during these 15-20 minute snapshots of instruction, scripting the instruction to the best of my ability. I included exactly what I heard and saw. On the same days I made my observations, I went home and read over what I had written. Then, using the right hand column of my observation form, I summarized the instructional moments I saw in my written observations that I thought related to engage arts instruction and changing student misbehaver. Finally, in a different column that: 1) documented which of the language arts were being used in the instructional moment you summarized; 2) described how I thought an additional element of language arts could have been incorporated into the instructional moment. Together with artifacts including written action plans by students to correct misbehaver, photos of room arrangement, copies of class rules, and student/teacher interviews, patterns of how misbehaver changed as a result of language arts applications began to emerge. I believe these patterns are valid because they are supported by three different kinds of primary source data: my observations, informant interviews, and classroom artifacts. My initial primary source data response to the question, How does student behavior change when students read, write, speak, listen, view, or visually represent apparent misbehaver? , emerged after examining data collected midway through my study with colleagues in my Language Arts at Element ary and Middle Levels class at Southern Illinois University Daredevils. I began to see at first that Reading, writing, or speaking about subversive changes misbehaver. As I continued to gather data, it became evident that all of the language arts gave misbehaving students opportunities for reflection that changed misbehaver. Results Results of my analysis of primary source data in the form of five 1 5 minute observations over five weeks, three student interviews, one cooperating teacher interview, and seven artifacts of student work in classroom management demonstrate that use of all of the six language arts gave misbehaving students opportunities for reflection that changed their misbehaver.

Essay --

Tragedies such as 9/ll has impacted many people when the terrorist attack happened at the world trade center in Manhattan. Thousands and thousands of people died, others were injured, and other civilians cried their hearts out. The nation was in despair, knowing that innocent people have died and their nation has been attacked. The government had noted that the act of 9/11 was an act of terrorism. The question is, what is terrorism and is it permissible or non-permissible? There is no specific definition of terrorism due to the fact that the definition can be viewed differently (p398). Some of the definitions of terrorism is either too broad while others are too neutral (p398). An example that was in the book was the comparison between the London bombing and the bombing in Hiroshima. The London bombing was considered an act of terrorism while the bombing in Hiroshima was considered non-terrorism because it was a response to an act of terrorism that was done at Pearl Harbor (p399). V aughn had defined terrorism as â€Å"...the deliberate use or threat of physical violence against noncombat...

Barnados Essay

Thomas Barnardo’s established his charity in 1870; even then did it cause accusations. Barnardo’s opened many projects such as ‘Believe in Children’ and ‘Child Poverty’ and many more series of campaigns. During 2002 Barnado’s launched the campaign ‘Stolen Childhood’ to help children up to the age of 18, who have been abused through prostitution. Complaints said audiences were left feeling disconcerted and disturbed. But making calls to stop child prostitution was a target for Barnardo’s; they wanted to create a new law allowing child prostitution to end. Barnardo’s produced posters for advertisements about the prostitution of children and altered their faces to illustrate the pain that they are going through. Noticing the complaints, has risen, Barnardo’s defended the decision to use shocking images: saying that these changes allowed them to get the message across to many people and allow Minsters to act quickly, providing enough protection for children. In this particular advert, it contains a picture of a little girl sitting on a sofa. Her face is digitally grotesquely old, but has a young body. Standing behind the sofa is part if a man and his fingers are running through her hair. The background is a subtle yellow, with curtains that are drawn. The advert includes a catchy slogan and information on how to donate or get supplementary information about the campaign. The man in this image is placed behind a sofa, with his back towards a window. This arrangement gives me an idea he is hiding or protecting the little girl away from the public. This unknown man cannot be identified because the image does not allow the viewers to see his face because his face is deliberately hidden- this sets the audience eager to see his face. We are also not able to see his bottom half, as he is straightened up behind the sofa- Which suggests that the man may not be wearing any trousers. You can see the hairs upon the man’s chest, (as his shirt is seen to be undone) this straight away gives me a sense that this man is way beyond the age to be sexually connected with young girls. Plus I can identify that he is wearing a wedding ring which states the man might be either married or divorced. This proves that anyone can act in this behaviour, whether or not you’re married. Clenching his hand on the sofa expresses that the man is in anger and has force over the young girl. However, he is probably satisfied as well as incensed because, his other hand is touching the girl’s hair. Reminding ourselves that his shirt is undone, this can calculate that he may be ready to sexually abuse her, or that he has already done so. The terrified girl in the foreground is cramped up in the corner of the sofa: this shows that she is probably afraid and is trying to keep away. She looks as if she is trying to protect herself by holding both arms firmly around her. Through this I can sense that the girl may be in danger in some way perhaps, as she like to keep her self to herself. Her world might be very dark and cold so, therefore holding both arms is a way of keeping her pain within herself. Yet sitting in this position is also covering the lower part of her body, as she may not be wearing anything. This then shows me the young girls sensitive and emotional side as she may be a very shy person. The purple bruises on her legs must have a horrifying story behind them- A story that involves physical, brutal abusing conflict between the man and her, or maybe be she has self harmed herself which might be a way to relief her pain. The top that the girl is wearing stands out to me, it appears to be quite rigid as it looks almost washed out form a bright pink colour, this suggests a soft girly side that she once had, and has all been taken away from her. I can clearly say that this image of her clothing gives a sign of purity and innocence to contrast with her reality and the callousness of the room. Yet viewers who look at this poster are straight away drawn directly to her face. Her digital altered face appears to look old and wrinkly. Bug, heavy bags under her eyes are lined up with dark bruises, making her look stressed and tired, almost as if she has spent her hours crying with lack of sleep. From her droopy expression her mouth is weighed down with many defined lines which appear to be baggy wrinkles forming under her lips. Which is exaggerated on the amount of sexual abuse that she gets, hence it is equivalent to a life time and maybe it is difficult for her to relax and get some rest. This all results to how the child is being taken care of by the man –Not only does he abuse her but has no intention on her health and strength, she is some sort of shield for him, were she is being brutally knocked over, while he is safe ly fulfilled. The girl who once lived a happy life, with smiles and laughter, has almost faded away with a broken soul of worries, fear and pain. I think this altering of her face may reflect what she may look like in the coming years. The image of this lonely victim has been adjusted to make her look old with strands of grey hair. By doing this digital alteration the audience are led to believe that this young girl has been traumatised by suffering from too much sexual abuse from the man, resulting in ageing and loss of childhood. This image captures only a certain part of the room; this creates suspense and gives the audience thoughts about who else might be in the room†¦ nother abuser, or another child in a similar situation? The colour of the wall reflects the carpet, creating a sense of calm and a neutral atmosphere. This matches the colour of the curtains, and gives me an understanding that the main person living in the house has a sense of style, therefore can live in a decent looking way. Thus the soft colours clash with the situation of the trapped, dark story held between both characters in the image. Her disapp ointment and fear does not fit in well with the surroundings of the scene, which makes her prominent. Everything is in contrast to each other, the bright clean room to the dark filthy routine he portrays. Yet one may wonder what is really going on behind those doors and drawn curtains, where a little girl is forced to love with a man. There area different levels positioned in this photograph. The man in the background is standing behind her dominantly as if he is in control of his powerful actions committed against the frightened girl, (through his level of height) as she is sitting and being touched by him. Abuse through prostitution STEALS CHILDRENS LIVES’ is a slogan used in the poster. These effective, emotive words make the audience want to put a stop to prostitution, to give everything the child need which has been taken away from them. Their hope would want the audience to act quickly and efficiently, due to words ‘prostitution and children’ oddly put together (which is normally not relevant to children) it is a short powerful message that loiters onto to y ou after you have read it. The slogan also highlights the key points about the campaign, letting the audience know what prostitution can lead to. In this poster there is enough information needed, for instance the image is very vivid, followed by a catchy slogan, symbolising that the audience’s awareness can make a difference. Overall, Barnardo’s feel they can be more daring with their use of images to a younger age group. Even though, the text on this advert is very limited, the images illustrate an understanding of the charity, as it is well explained, using lack of words. I agree with the fact that Barnardo’s has used visual distressing images- this will encourage and expose how neglect and abuse can bring horrifying consequences to children in the UK. The resulting of the poster will wake the public up, to the children’s distress. If not, the charity still received publicity through the complaints that were made, and will acknowledge them. However, this advert revolts me, and makes me aware of what is actually happening around me. I feel sympathy for the young girl; trying to understand what its like to be in her position and in this uncomfortable situation. No child should experience an outrageous, despicable act like this! The poster lets the viewers create the rest of the room in your mind. Which makes me think that the rest of the world might me suffering from the same situation? This sets me a sudden erg, an eager to help the juvenile girl, and try to stay connected to her, letting her know that there can be help being made. In addition to this, I reckon the more eye-opening and clear the advert is, the more successful that campaign will be!

The Ways in which Act 3 scene 5 Prepares the Audience for...

The Ways in which Act 3 scene 5 Prepares the Audience for the Tragic Ending of William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet In the time of Shakespeare the word tragedy is used to describe a hero or heroine, usually from a noble family, involving a sad ending with the hero or heroin dying. Nowadays the word tragedy is used to describe everyday things, anything that is sad in the television and newspapers is called a tragedy. It is very often used as a story leading to a sad ending. Tragedy is most used in our world today when something really bad happens that doesnt occur too often. A good example would be the world trade centers that were destroyed by terrorists on a hijacked plane. My definition of tragedy†¦show more content†¦In the beginning of the play Capulet wants the best for Juliet, but seems to have changed his mind and talks like he is selling property not his own flesh and blood. The way he talks indicates he doesnt want Paris to change his mind about marrying Juliet because of all the trouble happening involving their family. He talks quickly, asks questions and answers them himsel f as if hes afraid of the answers: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦I think she will be ruld. In all respects by me; nay more, I doubt it not. Wife, go you to her ere you go to bed, Acquaint her here of my son Paris loveà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Monday, ha,ha! Well, Wednesday is too soon, AThursday let it be - AThursday, tell her, She shall be married to this noble earl. Will you be ready? Do you like this haste? Well keep on great ado - a friend or twoà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ From Capulets behavior, it is known that he is a man with too much power, he shows it in the way he controls his wife and daughter. Capulet is a man who has values that can easily be forgotten when faced with the possibility of more money and power, which is what hell get if Paris marries Juliet. Veronas society is made up of power and money, without it you are no one. Shakespeare makes it very clear the way act 3 scene 4 is written that everything is being arranged in haste. He shows thatShow MoreRelatedEssay about Dramatic Irony in Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet877 Words   |  4 PagesWilliam Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet is a tragic story about two lovers who are from two disputing families, and their eventual suicides. Shakespeare uses dramatic irony throughout the play to create tension for the audience and foreshadow the ending. Dramatic irony is when the words or actions of characters in a story have a different meaning to the reader than to the characters. This is because the reader knows something that the characters do not. Romeo and Juliet’s death could have been prevented

French Verb Conjugations for Augmenter

Augmenter  is a French verb that means to increase, to raise, or to rise. Its a very useful word to know and its a rather simple on to conjugate to fit the present, future, and past tenses. Follow along in this lesson to learn all these conjugations, including the past participle, subjunctive, and imperative forms of  augmenter. Conjugating the French Verb  Augmenter Verb conjugations are a little more complex in French than they are in English. We understand that an English verb with an -ed ending implies the past tense and an -ing is used for the present tense. In French, there are more endings to learn because the verb must match the subject pronoun as well. Augmenter  is a  regular -ER verb. In the conjugations, it follows a particular pattern for the new endings. These same transformations can be found in similar verbs like  attraper  (to pick up) and  complà ©ter  (to complete), making these among the easiest to memorize. Using the chart, you can quickly figure out which verb form you need. Simply match the subject pronoun with the appropriate tense. For instance, I increase is jaugmente and we will rise  is nous augmenterons. Subject Present Future Imperfect j' augmente augmenterai augmentais tu augmentes augmenteras augmentais il augmente augmentera augmentait nous augmentons augmenterons augmentions vous augmentez augmenterez augmentiez ils augmentent augmenteront augmentaient The Present Participle of  Augmenter The  present participle  of augmenter  is augmentant.  This is done with a simple change from the -er  ending to an  -ant  ending. Not only is it a verb, but you can use it as an adjective, gerund, or noun in some circumstances. The Past Participle and Passà © Composà © The  past participle  of augmenter  is augmentà ©. You will need this to form the commonly used past tense known as  passà © composà ©.   To form the conjugations, use the appropriate form of avoir,  which is an  auxiliary, or helping verb. For example, I rose is jai augmentà © and we increased is  nous avons augmentà ©. Notice how  avoir  has been conjugated to match the subject, but the same past participle is used in both phrases. More  Augmenter  Conjugations There may be times when you will need to use the following verb forms of  augmenter. The subjunctive and conditional are rather common and imply a certain degree of uncertainty in the action. Its likely that you will only encounter the passà © simple or imperfect subjunctive in formal writing. Yet, its good to be able to recognize and associate these forms with  augmenter. When using  augmenter  in imperative verb form, there is no need to include the subject pronoun. This is implied within the verb itself and these are used in short statements. Rather than nous augmentons, you can say augmentons.

Analysis Of The Novel Bitches And True Love - 1195 Words

Lindsey Williams Mr. Brown/P.2 AP Literature and Composition 19 November 2015 Bitches and True Love (1980 Prompt) Conquering an internal struggle between a passion and a responsibility can completely tear someone apart. This type of conflict is evident in Ernest Hemingway s The Sun Also Rises within many of the characters. Brett, however, is the most prominent example because of the way she copes with this war. She soldiers through, while some of the closest people to her never even notice. Always appearing happy and unaffected on the outside, Brett faces the toughest struggle out of all the characters on the inside. At the root of the conflict, Brett has a love for Jake that is kept a secret. In a group, no†¦show more content†¦It is even noted that Romero s bull-fighting gave real emotion, because he helps the absolute purity of line in his movements and he always quietly and calmly let the horns pass him close each time (171). The emotion Romero radiates from his performances is easily felt and enjoyed by Brett and Jake. Even though they can t be together physically, because of Jake s impotence, they can at least be together emotionally while Brett maintains her responsibility of satisfying her physical need elsewhere. Brett has two sides to her: her emotional love for Jake, and the physical hunger for intimacy. Increasingly wanting to be with Jake, she must meet her physical needs first. She goes off with many men, including Robert Cohn and Romero. When Jake asks, Couldn t we live together, Brett? Couldn t we just live together? (62), Brett replies, I don t think so. I d just tromper you with everybody. You couldn t stand it (62). The French verb tromper means to cheat on someone. However, this remark is something more than a woman behaving promiscuously because she later pleads, It s the way I m made (62), proving her loyalty to Jake despite her nature. This conflict has very deep, instinctual roots in Brett, after all, she was born a very physical person who loves experiencing the sensations of life. The two have tried living

Understanding of the Micro and Macro Environmental Free Sample

Questions: 1. Identify the Macro and Micro Environmental Forces affecting your chosen Organisation and Explain their Impacts in one Country of your Choice. 2.Formulate a Strategy that will Enable the Organisation to respond and Prosper in that Country. Consider its Internal Strengths and Weaknesses as an Organisation, the External Opportunities it should Seize and the External threats it should Counter. Answers: Introduction: The current report aims to demonstrate a critical understanding of the micro and macro environmental influencing a chosen organisation from the provided list of organisations. Therefore, Hennes Mauritz AB (H M) has been selected as the organisation to fit the purpose of this report. H M is a Swedish multinational clothing-retail corporation. It is popular for its fast-fashion clothing for all types of consumers. The company has expanded its global operations in North America, Europe, Middle East and Asia (HM 2017). After the accomplishment of successful revenue goals and brand image, the organisation has made its entry in Japan, which is a challenging market. In the initial stage, H M has received effective response from the Japanese customers; however, the sales of the organisation have started to fall considerably in the later years. Therefore, H M has been planning to initiate a new store in Tsushima, a popular Japanese city, for increasing its business presence in the nation. This is due to the economic recession of the nation, which has minimised the purchasing power of the consumers. The business situation is vital for the success or failure of an organisation (Arrigo 2016). Japan is considered as a fashion capital both in Asia and in the global arena. This is because the Japanese people are more prone to purchase clothing and other fashion items. However, there has been decline in sales volume in the clothing and footwear industry in Japan due to economic downturn and the competition level is higher in the market. The current report aims to evaluate the impact of the micro and macro-environmental forces affecting H M in Japan. F inally, the report sheds light on formulating a strategy for the organisation to prosper in the Japanese market by considering strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. 1.Macro and micro-environmental forces affecting Hennes Mauritz AB (H M) in Japan: The micro-environmental forces that affect H M in Japan in carrying out its business operations are under noted: Business: H M has opened its first store in Japan on 13th September 2008 followed by two other stores in the same month and year. Despite the fact that H M produces fast-fashion retail products, the products have gained popularity amongst the Japanese individuals. These products are combined in an imaginative procedure with greater avant-grade styles (Magrath and McCormick 2013). In addition, H M has collaborated with Comme des Garcons, which is a Japanese label. This has helped in increasing the business presence of the organisation in the Japanese market. In addition, some of the departments of H M are represented in the nation along with few production offices. In this context, Baines, Fill and Page (2013) stated that such development of departments and production offices helps an organisation to deliver the products at a faster rate to the customers. Suppliers: H M has developed 800 global suppliers, which comprise of sub-suppliers as well. Each collection of H M has is drafted as well as designed in its Swedish head office, which is carried out on the part of the external manufacturers. With the help of vast supply chain, the organisation would able to keep adequate inventory to meet the rising demand in the Japanese market. However, there is limited availability of suppliers for H M in the Japanese market and hence, this might increase the cost of production for the organisation (Br?tucu and Paladen 2015). This chain requires adequate amount of planning, as availability of diverse range of products needs to be ensured on the shops at the right time. Marketing intermediaries: One of the significant parts of microenvironment includes marketing intermediaries, which enable an organisation in the flow of products and services from the manufacturers to the final users. In the absence of effective cooperation from the marketing intermediaries, an organisation would not be able to provide its products as per the expectations and wants of the customers (Chakravarty 2014). It has been identified that H M does not have any marketing intermediary in Japan. As a result, H M might find it difficult to deliver the products to its customers and hence, it might experience a fall in demand in the market in future. This is because the competitors like Zara, Uniqlo and GAP in Japan have marketing intermediaries, which might result in loss of competitive advantage for H M. Buyers: The target group of H M is vast, which mainly comprises of students and younger people. The main reasons identified behind the success of the organisation constitute of low product price with higher quality, while ensuring fashion-conscious experience. The H M customers are always on the lookout for discovering new and interesting products (Charlesworth 2014). In that case, H M is required to ensure the smooth operations of its supply chain. In addition, the organisation needs to form a mutual trust with their manufacturers. Thus, it is crucial for a marketer like H M to understand, estimate and satisfy the changing needs of the customers. Public: H M has strong global brand image, as it is one of the leading clothing-retail companies in the world. The customers often link H M with superior quality at cheaper prices, which has helped in increasing its popularity in the Japanese market. The firm has considerable number of store locations in Europe; however, the number of stores in Japan is limited. As a result, it might restrict the organisation in increasing its profitability in the market, as the Japanese customers do not intend to travel greater distance for shopping purpose (Dach and Allmendinger 2014). However, the organisation has launched a campaign against AIDS (Fashion against AIDS) by seeking support from the popular global personalities. Thus, H M is required to increase its store availability in the Japanese market for increasing the overall sales and profitability. Competition: The major competitors of H M in the Japanese market include Zara and Gap, as these two organisations have greater number of stores compared to H M. In addition, Zara and Gap have identical target customers in Japan. Furthermore, these organisations have some intermediaries having thorough overview and knowledge of clothing textiles, which poses a serious challenge for H M. The price range of these two competitors in Japan is similar to that of H M. However, as the popular designers and global personalities work in collaboration with the organisation, which has helped in increasing its brand image in the market of Japan. The major macro-environmental forces affecting H M in the market of Japan are briefly discussed as follows: Political forces: H M is a PLC firm having 27,000 global production facilities for assuring the fabrication process of its products. In Asia, child labour has been a common crime, which violates the human rights. However, this is a major threat to the business operations of H M, as child labour is highly unaccepted in the business practices of the organisation. Thus, a nation found guilty of adopting child labour and it is unwilling to abstain the same, H M would not cooperate with the same. Economic forces: H M has assured effective practices in Japan through effective procurement by bulk purchase from the markets, which offer the best rates, effective system of inventory management and in-house designing. Despite maintaining the competitive pricing structure, the organisation is exposed to economic shocks due to fluctuation in global currencies (Ghauri et al. 2016). In addition, import duties, taxes and changes in import laws of Japan might cause problems for the organisation in sourcing products at the catalogue price. Socio-cultural and demographic forces: The organisation has focused on manufacturing and selling accessories and apparels, which follow the latest trends in Western culture. However, it also designs clothing products based on the tastes and preferences of the Japanese customers. Along with this, the organisation has catered to women involvement in the issue of economic activities through employment of additional women compared to men in its offices of Japan (Zawadzka 2015). Thus, it provides the women with an opportunity to show their talent in an industry concerning them the most. Secondly, it has initiated working with the International Labour Organisation for providing higher wages and assuring hygienic work conditions for the staffs of the organisation in Japan. The organisation has recognised that access to clean and safe drinking water has been a severe issue in Japan. In order to address this issue, H M has developed coalition with the UN agencies for accessing the same. Finally, H M has been involved in recycling washed and unwanted clothes and using organic cotton for ensuring the safety of the workers (Kumar and Kim 2014). Technological forces: In case of H M, it is necessary to remain updated due to the fast changing trends in the global market. In addition, since it is in the catalogue business, it remains ahead one season about the store offerings. For instance, in summer, the winter collection sourcing would be in process because of the product lead times (Hathaway 2014). By taking into account the issues associated with the clothing business, the new technologies need to be embraced for paving its path to keep up with the current market demand. Thus, H M needs to change its designs rapidly to stay in line with the Japanese clothing-retail industry. Environmental forces: It has been observed that H M is a retail giant, which denotes that the firm is always on spotlight. Thus, utmost care needs to be exercised before undertaking any action (Jo and Lee 2015). In this respect, H M is required to assure that there are no environmental hazards associated in the production process irrespective of the nation from which it is merchandising. The production facilities of the organisation in Japan are complying with the prevailing environmental laws along with no prohibited dumping in water. Legal forces: In accordance with the Japanese laws and regulations, H M has assured the safety and security of the factory by incorporating emergency exits, fire extinguishers, fire alarms and other necessary equipments. On the other hand, the organisation has implemented basic Japanese laws about recruiting staffs on their own will and there would not be any contract. In addition, H M has assured identical employment opportunities for all groups of individuals. The staffs are provided with salaries, leaves and benefits according to their positions (Kennedy 2013). Finally, the organisations conduct yearly financial audits for ensuring transparency in its business operations. 2.Formulation of a strategy for enabling H M to respond and prosper in Japan: The current marketing strategies of H M include mobile marketing campaign for promoting the trendy collections. In this particular strategy of mobile marketing, the customers receive mobile banner advertisements and SMS coupons. The intention of this technique is to promote the seasonal trends for that specific season along with driving membership of the H M Club. However, the organisation has not provided the shoppers with the online facility to shop the products. Therefore, three primary objectives have been formulated for designing the marketing strategy of H M. These three primary objectives include increasing its brand name through higher advertising, focusing on the lower selling prices compared to rivals and using the economic downturn as a chance to diversify through low-cost locations. The objectives are briefly discussed as follows: Increasing brand name visibility: In Japan, many people are not aware of the product offerings of H M. It has been observed the lead-time of Zara is slightly faster; however, H M uses a different strategy. Nearly, a quarter of its stock is composed of fast-fashion products; however, the daily items are sourced at cheaper rates from overseas markets (Nordflt et al. 2014). Due to this reason, H M needs to be more appealing in the Japanese teen and young adult segments. Some of the Japanese customers might hesitate to be highly fashion-forward due to their reserved style and hence, they might find new products at H M. In order to increase the brand name in Tsushima, it is suggested to H M to develop more advertising opportunities. For developing national brand awareness, it is suggested that H M puts advertisements in the popular fashion magazines of the city. In addition, the organisation could place advertisements through television commercials in between the popular TV shows in Japan. Finally, placing advertisements in Facebook, Twitter and teen chat sites would help H M in attracting the potential customers in the Japanese market (Ohlsson and Riihimki 2015). Lower average selling prices compared to rivals: Another strategy that H M could adopt is to concentrate on advertising regarding the lower average selling prices in contrast to its rivals. The management of H M in Japan focuses on minimising costs by keeping low overheads (Pelton 2013). The advertising needs to focus on advertising by projecting on the cheaper products available in the stores with higher quality. Use of current economic downturn for business expansion: H M needs to make use of current economic downturn as a chance to diversify by ensuring low-cost locations in Japan. With the worsening of the economic conditions, particularly in Japan, H M leasing its store cities has been finding it convenient for securing effective locations at better terms. This would be a great benefit for H M, as with the revival of the economy, it could seize the opportunity for diversifying in cheaper locations to ensure future growth (Pousttchi and Hufenbach 2014). In order to design the marketing strategy more effectively for H M, the SWOT analysis of H M in the Japanese market has been depicted as follows: Strengths: Offering superior clothing-retail products at effective price through designing strategy and strong procurement Collaboration with the designers Weaknesses: Product recall Limited geographical presence in Japan Opportunities: Expansion of business operations in other cities of Japan Home initiative of H M Developing a Japanese footprint Threats: Falling confidence of the customers Strong competition from Zara and Uniqlo Table 1: SWOT analysis of H M in Japan (Source: HM 2017) Based on the above SWOT analysis conducted, the following marketing mix strategy has been developed to strive in the fashion market of Japan: Product: In case of product aspect, publishing the outfit of family-set is a potential product to enhance the sales value. This is because most Japanese living in Tsushima prefer wearing this specific outfit (Sandybayev and Nicosia 2015). In addition, it is a complementary merchandise product, which denotes that if the parents decide to purchase an outfit, they would purchase another one for their children. As a result, the sales of H M might increase more beyond the expected ones. Moreover, H M is required to enhance its product quality for succeeding in Japan. As the organisation is involved continually with cost minimisation, it fails to provide superior quality products to its customers. The Japanese individuals living in Tsushima are popular in rejecting clothing products due to loose button, poor stitching and poor quality fabrics (Sun et al. 2014). Thus, it is crucial for H M to enhance the product quality for ensuring its success in the Japanese market. Price: H M needs to introduce some programs for promoting its merchandise along with using mobile marketing strategy in Tsushima, Japan. It could use price deal for temporary minimisation of price in a shorter timeframe (Shen 2014). This would help the organisation in attracting additional number of customers to increase its sales volume. In addition, loyal reward program could be thought of as another alternative, in which the customers would gather credits or points for each purchase and redeem the same to obtain rewards. For rewards, the organisation could expect greater visits in the stores to release its inventory at a faster rate (Virkkunen 2015). Place: In case of place aspect, H M needs to collaborate with the marketing intermediaries for revenue enhancement along with ensuring competitive advantage. Online selling is a feasible alternative to the organisation for increasing its revenue margin in Japan. The internet subscription number in Japan is 47.08 million in 2016, out of which 62% people use e-commerce (Venter 2016). Despite the limited store availability of H M in Japan, the customers from different regions could order products online, which would help in boosting sales. Moreover, providing Automatic Vending Machine (AVM) in Tsushima could enable the organisation to ensure successful due to the demand of automation in the nation. This is because the Japanese customers spend nearly $58 billion for shopping through AVM in a single year. Promotion: It has been evaluated that H M already uses mobile phone marketing in Japan for promoting its merchandises. Thus, it could use matrix code in Tsushima, which is a two-dimensional technique for depicting information (Youell 2013). For instance, QR code has gained widespread popularity in Japan and they are used often in magazines and internet. This code has the ability of enabling Kana characters, URLs, music, Japanese Kanji, images and e-mails. With the help of this barcode, H M could be able to store information conveniently and accordingly, it would be able to attract more customers. Conclusion: To conclude, it has been found that H M has the capability of growing rapidly in the Japanese clothing-retail industry. This is because it has developed a strong and positive brand image in the market over the recent years. However, the sales volume of the organisation has started to fall due to change in consumer preferences and increasing competition level from Zara and Uniqlo. The two-above mentioned organisations have similar target markets like H M, which has resulted in loss of competitive advantage slightly for the latter. In addition, the limited geographical presence of the organisation and absence of online store have been the contributing factor towards declining sales as well. 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